Value of Reservoir Operation Coordinating in Hydropower Enhancement for Roseires and Sennar Dam System in Sudan

Introduction

The review aims to draw attention to the problems of drinking water supply during technological and natural disasters or other reasons for its shortage and demonstrate the advantage of solutions based on the treatment of on-site water over its supply from areas not affected by the incident. Another aspect of the analysis is the assessment of the eco-nomic elements of individual solutions. The ongoing climate changes have a significant impact on both surface and groundwater resources and human activities, such as industrialization [1].

The provision of potable water is a crucial goal in emergency situations and areas where there is simply no water with the correct parameters. Contrary to the popular opin-ion resulting from a particular mental shortcut, the problem is not the lack of water in the world because 71% of the surface of our globe is made of water. On the other hand, the real challenge for humanity is access to drinking water. Freshwater accounts for only 2.5% of global water resources, and only 1% of this part (77% glaciers and 22% groundwater) is available for consumption. However, it also requires additional treatment in many cases. In the European Union, the Water Framework Directive (WFD) is in force, which requires the member states to develop water quality improvement programs. In the case of water of the highest ecological purity class, not to deteriorate its parameters. The availability of water resources and the ability to renew them in the EU countries is highly uneven. Table 1 shows the 5 countries with the highest renewable water resources per capita and the 5 countries with the lowest resources in Europe and Table 2 in the world.

Introduction

The review aims to draw attention to the problems of drinking water supply during technological and natural disasters or other reasons for its shortage and demonstrate the advantage of solutions based on the treatment of on-site water over its supply from areas not affected by the incident. Another aspect of the analysis is the assessment of the eco-nomic elements of individual solutions. The ongoing climate changes have a significant impact on both surface and groundwater resources and human activities, such as industrialization [1].

The provision of potable water is a crucial goal in emergency situations and areas where there is simply no water with the correct parameters. Contrary to the popular opin-ion resulting from a particular mental shortcut, the problem is not the lack of water in the world because 71% of the surface of our globe is made of water. On the other hand, the real challenge for humanity is access to drinking water. Freshwater accounts for only 2.5% of global water resources, and only 1% of this part (77% glaciers and 22% groundwater) is available for consumption. However, it also requires additional treatment in many cases. In the European Union, the Water Framework Directive (WFD) is in force, which requires the member states to develop water quality improvement programs. In the case of water of the highest ecological purity class, not to deteriorate its parameters. The availability of water resources and the ability to renew them in the EU countries is highly uneven. Table 1 shows the 5 countries with the highest renewable water resources per capita and the 5 countries with the lowest resources in Europe and Table 2 in the world.

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